Bond Formation
-stable octet formed (except H and He which can only hold a max of 2 electrons)
-results in lower energy state for atoms
Energy is released when bonds are formed
Metallic Bonding
Positive metal cations in a sea of mobile e-
Prop. of metals caused by this type of bonding
Ionic Bonding
Metal + Nonmetal
Prediction Ionic Compound formulas
criss-cross the charges
compound must be neutral
Emprical Formulas:
simplest whole # ration of atoms or ions
Using Polyatomic ion chart (table E)
Naming Ionic Compounds
- Stock System
- Binary compounds
- Ternary Compounds (with polyatomic ion)
- Use Roman Numerals if nmetal has more than one possible positive charge
Properties of Ionic Compounds
Lewis Dot Diagram of Ions & Ionic Compounds
Covalent Bonds
Two or more nonmetals
Types of bonds:
Polar Covalent Bond: Atoms have different electronegativity
Non-polar Covalent Bond: Atoms have the same electronegativity
Coordinate Covalent Bond: One atom gives 2 electrons to a shared pair in bond, other atom gives none
Network Bond: Very strong bond, highest melting point, found in macromolecules (like diamonds) highest
MP
Molecular Formulas: show actual # of each atom
Structural Formulas: show bonding between atoms
Naming Molecular Compounds
- prefix system to show how many of each element is present
- use of Stock system with Roman Numerals, first nonmetal in formula takes + charge
Properties of Covalent Compounds
Lewis Dot Diagram of Molecules & Polyatomic Ions
Polarity & Molecules
Determine if bonds are polar or non-polar (look at electronegativity differences)
Determine if molecule is polar or non-polar (look for polarity of bonds, shape and symetry)
Shapes of Molecule: (linear, bent, tetrahedral, and pyramidal)
To determine if a bond is polar or non-polar look at electronegativity differences
To determine if a molecule is polar or non-polar look at shape, symmetry, and the polarity of bonds
Shapes of Molecule: Linear, bent, tetrahedral, and pyramidal.
